Lawrence Kushner
"The Rules of the Game"

Program #4515
First air date January 20 , 2002
Read the text 
Listen to the audio 
Watch the video 
.


 

     
Biography

Rabbi Lawrence Kushner is Rabbi-in-Residence at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in New York City, where he teaches courses in spirituality and mysticism, and serves as a mentor for rabbinic students. For 28 years, he was rabbi of Congregation Beth El in Sudbury, Massachusetts, where he developed innovative new ways to nurture vibrant spiritual growth. Under his leadership, his congregation published their own prayer book and the first gender-neutral liturgy ever written. Rabbi Kushner is the author of 11 books published by Jewish Lights in Woodstock, Vermont. Among the titles are The Way Into Jewish Mystical Tradition and Jewish Spirituality: A Brief Introduction for Christians. He has been a commentator on National Public Radio’s All Things Considered and is highly sought after as a lecturer and teacher. [Biographical information is correct as of the broadcast date noted above.]

  We encourage you to purchase Lawrence Kushner's books through Amazon.Com 
  which will donate 15% of the purchase price back to the Chicago Sunday Evening Club 
          and 30 Good Minutes.

"The Rules of the Game" 
I re
member the first computer game we ever got. Since hardly anyone owned computers in those days, you had to use your television set for a monitor. By plugging a cable into the antenna jack, you turned the TV into a primitive video arcade. Then, you could play ping pong—in monochrome. You operated a little paddle that moved up and down along one side of the screen. The ball, actually a white square, moved horizontally. With enough coordination, you could get your paddle to intersect its trajectory, whereupon you heard the game’s sole sound effect: "Bip." And so it went: "Bip. Bip. Bip." After you got good at it, you could crank up the speed: "Bip Bip. Bip. Bip. Bip. Bip." People in our home, who shall remain nameless, played it for hours.

kushner_phto.jpg (81343 bytes)A few years later, Atari became the rage. As I recall Atari initially had four different games. My favorite was called Adventure. It was your basic "dungeons and dragons" genre, with different castles and rooms, a key, hidden doorways, a bat that could steal the key, even whole areas where the obstacles were invisible. Our whole family really got into it. The kids, of course, quickly surpassed their parents. They would come home from school with new tips and tricks. Some of them were even "undocumented," which is computer-talk for saying that such maneuvers were not written down in any manual. One of the most amazing came home from junior high with my daughter: In a particular place inside the "black castle," the diligent searcher could find a small white dot that was too small to be noticeable as a normal game object. Indeed, if you did find it you would think it was only a glitch in your video monitor.

By taking this dot back to the starting screen however, you could enter a hidden, otherwise inaccessible room. Entering the room had absolutely nothing to do with playing the game. All you would find in the room was a rainbow and the name of the person who invented the game. For all I know, every computer programmer does something like this. Somewhere, behind some hidden wall, available only to the initiated, there is another room. And in that room is the name of the artist.

What I want to know is: If the signature of the Creator is not just in some hidden room but in every created thing, why can’t we see it? I once heard of a man whose dental work made it possible for him to actually hear radio broadcasts. Somehow the combination of fillings in his teeth accidentally turned his mouth into a primitive receiver. But he found the sounds so distracting that he had the fillings replaced. The radio signals were still there, he just chose not to hear them any more.

A few years ago, one of my sons brought home a new computer game. This was not one of those video arcade contraptions with primitive little animated characters chasing one another around the screen or space ships shooting at alien invaders. It didn’t even require split-second visual reflexes. "It is a new breed," he told me, called virtual reality." You play it by "entering" it. Your only chance at winning is by imagining that you are actually inside it. Instead of asking, "How do I win this game?" you ask, "What would I do if I really lived in this world?"

At the beginning of this game (called Myst), you look at the screen and find yourself on an island. There’s a dock, a forest, buildings, stairways. The graphics and sound effects are impressive and convincing. There are no instructions, no rules. You "go" places by aiming a little pointing finger and clicking. You can look up and down, turn around, climb stairs, wander all around the place. Everywhere your curiosity leads you, there are things to discover, learn and remember. There are machines you can operate, a library full of books you can open and read. After a while, the dedicated player will discover how to leave the island and go to other mysterious places. Devotees say the game is properly played over weeks and even months.

And the purpose of it all? Why, of course: To figure out what you’re doing there. But to do that, you must first figure out how the place works.

What fascinates me here is not yet another sophisticated and clever way to waste time in front of the computer screen. (I can do that with File Manager.) It is the concept of a game whose purpose is for the player to discover the purpose. Virtual reality, schmirtual reality, this is no game. What’s going on here? Why am I here? Are there any rules? What are they? How does my behavior affect what is going on?

Upon hearing about all this, Alan Feldman, a friend who is a professor of English, suggested that it seemed a lot like childhood. I’d go farther. It may be a lot like adult-hood, too. We all find ourselves in "this world" and the "object" seems to be to figure out what we’re doing here. Unfortunately, most of the ways one thing is connected to or dependent upon another thing are not immediately apparent. If we live long enough, take careful notes and listen to those who have gone before us, we stand a chance.

After all, meaning is primarily a matter of relationship. If something is connected to absolutely nothing—symbolically, linguistically, physically, psychologically—it is literally meaning-less. And in the same way, if something is connected to everyone and everything, it would be supremely meaning-full. I suppose it would be God: The One through whom everything is connected to everything else, the Source of all meaning. Religious traditions are the collected "rules of the game." They tell us how the world works. And if you "play by them," you are rewarded (hopefully before it is time to leave) with an understanding of why you are here; with what is otherwise known as the meaning of life.

While my new virtual reality computer game may be infuriatingly intricate and frustrating, at least I have the comfort of knowing that it was designed by someone. I may not be clever enough to figure out its purpose, but it does have one. Its rules can be learned; it can be completed; it has an end. Life, on the other hand, comes with no such implicit guarantee, and its time frame and playing field are literally beyond our comprehension.

What if there were a virtual reality computer game that was programmed to approximate

real life? If you could design such a program, what would be "the object"? The way I see it there are only a few rules.

The first rule of the game of live is that you cannot decide when to begin playing. One day, out of the blue, you realize that you’re playing. Someone or something else determined when the game would begin. And it wasn’t your parents. They may have known about the birds and the bees and even set out to conceive a child, but they didn’t have a clue it was going to be you. And now that they’ve had a chance to meet you, while they most likely love you, they’d probably have picked someone else. In religious language, this means that you are a creature. Someone else made you. And you are neither its partner nor its puppet: You are its manifestation, its agent, its child.

The second rule is that you cannot decide when to stop playing the game, either. One day, out of the blue, you’re dead. For a slogan on the box of the game of "Life," we could use something I saw on a T-shirt: "Life: You’re not going to make it out alive!" That means there’s no way you can "win" the game by staying in it forever. No matter how many points, toys, honors, conquests, dollars you accumulate, sooner than anyone expects or wants, the game is abruptly over. You hear a little chime, maybe a buzzer, the keyboard freezes, the screen goes blank. The game ends without warning. Nothing you acquire, accomplish, or believe will have any effect whatsoever on when the game ends. But there’s good news: Dying does not mean you lose. It’s what you do before you die that determines whether or not you win when you die.

The third rule—just to keep you on your toes—is that each player is issued apparently random, undeserved gifts and handicaps throughout the progress of the game. Figuring out why you got the combination package you did transforms all disabilities into gifts, just as refusing to figure out why you were issued what you received, transforms all gifts into disabilities. My father used to say that all men are not created equal. Some get dealt a full house; others, a pair of twos. The question there-fore is not whether you deserve the hand you were dealt, but how you choose to play it.

The fourth rule is that points are awarded whenever you can discern the presence, or the signature, of the Creator, and then act so as to help others see it too. The signature is not just in objects, but in actions and thoughts and feelings; not just in sunshine and happiness, but in agony, struggle and death. Remember: Finding the signature and then acting in such a way as to help others find it too, is the only way to accumulate game points.

And the last rule is that everything is connected to everything else. Therefore, life is supercharged, permeated and over-brimming with purpose and meaning. Most of the time we are oblivious to it. We go about our lives as if every event were an accident. And then something happens and we see the connection. For a just moment it is unmistakable. We are astonished that we couldn’t see it until now. All Creation is one great unity. There are no coincidences.

Throughout all Creation, just beneath the surface, joining each person to every other person and to every other thing in a luminous organism of sacred responsibility, we discover invisible lines of connection.

Now that’s my idea of a game.

Interview with Lawrence Kushner
Interviewed by
Lydia Talbot

Lydia Talbot: Rabbi Kushner, your intriguing metaphor of the computer game for the game of life implies an underlying connectedness of all things. The trick you say is to discern the presence of the Creator or Divine Mystery. That has to be about a revelatory experience?

Lawrence Kushner: Well, not always. I mean it feels like a revelatory experience but I don’t want our viewers to get the idea that you hear Handel’s "Hallelujah Chorus" sung by the Mormon Tabernacle. Sometimes it’s just a little twinkle. Sometimes it’s like, "Oh!" and then you go on.

Talbot: I’m mindful of the great missionary doctor, Albert Schweitzer, who on a boat in Africa had that moment of the connectedness of all living things. But what was it for you in your pilgrimage?

Kushner: What I believe is what makes me a mystic—and I guess I’m a mystic—is that I have this gnawing suspicion that the apparent "disconnectedness" all around us conceals a hidden unity and that every now and then it sparkles to the surface. It’s not in a great theophonic kind of moment. It’s more like you notice the sunlight in a different way or the smile on a child’s face or, God forbid, sometimes it’s in a moment of great sadness but you are aware that there is something more.

Talbot: I must ask you about your new book, Jewish Spirituality: A Brief Introduction for Christians. There were three men to whom you dedicated that book because of their living examples that taught you about Jesus. Share that with us.

Kushner: What they each taught me in their own way, was that it’s possible for God to be present in a human being. That is something—at least that statement that far—that I as a Jew had no trouble making.

Talbot: You talk about the connection between the teshuvah and Jesus. What is that?

Kushner: Well, it turns out that Jews have a concept that is remarkably similar to what many Christians talk about when they talk about Jesus. Teshuvah is the return that someone makes to God. But not only is it the way that someone returns to God, it is written into the very fabric of Creation. So each Jew, each human being, has the capacity to return to God at any moment. I think that’s very close to what many of my Christian friends report about their experiences of Jesus.

Talbot: You also site the great theologian-philosopher Martin Buber: the I - Thou in Jewish spirituality, the relationship between two people which is so important.

Kushner: Buber taught us all that and I think the way he said it was: "When one I meets another I (that is, a thou), there is something present in between them and that is the eternal Thou."

Talbot: Thank you so much, Rabbi Lawrence Kushner. You are a gift.
  


 

Home | History | Program Schedule | This Week | Sermons | Publications | Related Links | Contact Us